A Model for Successful Metacognitive Teaching and Student Comprehension Monitoring
Teacher Role - Student Role
1. - perform a careful analysis of the task or learning objective - ---
2. - identify strategies, procedures or methods which promote successful task completion - ---
3. - skills training; introduction of the strategy, significance, goal; introduce motivation; explicitly, and concretely instruct, model and explain each step in the strategy - cognitive selection; focus on knowledge component; actively acquire new strategies by listening and observing; become familiar with main ideas and organization; determine
which facts are important to learn; "What do we need to do?" self-talk
4. - self-regulation training or response guidance; supply metacognitive information regarding strategy application, importance, and appropriateness for use; teach self-regulatory strategies - focus on regulation component; think of and ask questions about the new strategy; awareness check; judge ability to determine if a new strategy was applied successfully; "First I need to make sure I know what I am going to do."
5. - guide student practice and provide encouragement; group discussions - cognitive acquisition; overtly rehearse or repeat problems / solutions demonstrated by the teacher; focus on coping skills or impulse control, such as "slow down", "look carefully at your
choices", "check your work"
6. - allow time for a strategy to be learned and accepted; increase range of applicable tasks or problems; deal with possible production deficiencies - gradually assume greater
responsibility; towards independent use; covert rehearsal
7. - provide feedback regarding strategy application; observe processes students use to determine and correct errors - comprehension monitoring; re-evaluation of understanding of strategy application; metacognitive self-evaluation; "Is there anything wrong with my application?" "How well am I doing?" self-talk
8. - relate strategy and problem type to the subject in general - cognitive construction; "How does this fit with what I learned last week?"; assume ownership of the strategy;
mastery
9. - awareness training; instruction regarding the generalized use of the strategy; reintroduce motivation - cognitive integration; apply the strategy across the course and school curriculum, and to "real life" situations
10. - formal evaluation - independent application of strategy is ascertained